Patanjali Yoga Sutra (PGDY)
brief introduction
Patanjali Yoga Sutra is a major text of yoga philosophy, Which was composed by Maharishi Patanjali. This book presents the esoteric teachings of Yoga in the form of sutras., Through which the seeker can attain self-realization and salvation.
This book is total 195 sources is divided into, Which is divided into four chapters (padas)) are compiled in:
1. Samadhi Pad (51 Formula) – forms of yoga, Describes the states of mind and samadhi. The main objective of yoga is to understand the depth of self-knowledge and meditation.
2. Sadhna Pad (55 Formula) – Methods of practicing yoga are explained, In which Ashtanga Yoga (Yama, Rule, Posture, Pranayama, withdrawal, perception, Attention, Samadhi) is described.
3. Vibhuti Pad (55 Formula) – Special powers (siddhis) obtained through meditation and yoga practice.) Describes and tells how the seeker should use them.
4. Kaivalya Pad (34 Formula) – Ultimate goal of yoga practice, Moksha (Kaivalya)) Describes the state of being and self-realization.
Patanjali Yoga Sutra The basic text of yoga philosophy is, Which guides towards self-development and inner peace.
Patanjali Yoga Sutra – Meaning, definition and purpose
1. Meaning of Yoga Sutra (Meaning of Yoga Sutra)
yoga sutra Made up of two words:
· sum – which means make connections come on unity (Body, Unity of mind and soul).
· Formula – which means Short but deeply meaningful sentence.
Therefore yoga sutra Means – that brief treatise on yoga, Which gives guidance for spiritual progress and attainment of salvation.
2. Definition of Yoga Sutra (Definition of Yoga Sutra)
Patanjali defines yoga in Yogasutra as:
"Yoga is the restraint of the mind's instincts." (Yoga Sutra 1.2)
Meaning: Yoga is the name of control of the instincts (instability/restlessness) of the mind.
In other words, When the restlessness of the mind ends, Then one can recognize one's true nature (soul).
3. Purpose of Yoga Sutra (Aim of Yoga Sutra)
The main objective of Patanjali Yoga Sutra is to guide self-realization and attainment of salvation. Its major objectives include:
1. mind control – Attaining mental stability by calming the instincts of the mind.
2. spiritual progress – To attain the ultimate goal of life (moksha) by attaining enlightenment.
3. practice of ashtanga yoga – Moral, For physical and mental purification Yam, Rule, Posture, Pranayama, withdrawal, perception, meditation and samadhi To practice.
4. attain happiness and peace – Making practical use of yoga to bring balance and joy to life.
Patanjali Yoga Sutra not only shows the path to spiritual progress, But also leads to mental peace and self-realization.
The form of the seer (The Nature of the Seer in Its Pure State)
"Seer" in Patanjali Yoga Sutra (Seer) or "men" (Pure Consciousness) The real nature of has been clarified. according to yoga philosophy, the observer himself is conscious, is pure and immutable, But that nature (qualities of nature – Sattva, Raj, By identifying with Tama it connects itself to the material world.
Description of the seer in Patanjali Yoga Sutra
1. form of observer
"Then the seer is in the state of form." (Yoga Sutra 1.3)
Meaning: When the instincts of the mind are restrained, Then the observer becomes established in his pure form.
It means that when the restlessness of the mind ends, then the person finds his true identity, which is pure consciousness (Pure Consciousness) Is, Is able to know.
2. role of observer and mind
"The seer is merely a sight, though pure, and he sees by belief." (Yoga Sutra 2.20)
Meaning: the observer is just a witness, she is pure, But as long as the instincts remain in the mind, Till then it continues to be reflected in them.
This sutra makes it clear that the seer (soul) itself is pure and unattached., But because of the mind and senses he gets entangled in external things. When the mind is calmed by yoga, Then the observer becomes established in his pure form.
3. Kaivalya and freedom of the seer
"Kaivalya or the establishment of the Self is the power of consciousness." (Yoga Sutra 4.34)
Meaning: When the soul (seer) is completely separated from nature, Then he becomes independent (Kaivalya) after being established in his pure form.
· watcher (Seer) Pure, Is imperishable and merely a witness.
· When the mind becomes calm and free from instincts, Then the observer becomes established in his true form.
· The main objective of yoga practice is to establish the seer in his pure form., Due to which the distinction between soul and nature becomes clear and salvation (Kaivalya) is attained.
the mind, Mindland and states of mind – according to Patanjali Yoga Sutra
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra the mind, Chittabhoomi And dispositions of mind Has been described in detail. The main objective of yoga practice is to achieve self-realization by controlling the mind.
1. mind (Chitta) Meaning of
what is mind?
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra the mind to mind (manas), intelligence (intellect) and ego (arrogance) It is considered to be the combined form of. It is the basis of accumulated sanskars (memories) and thoughts.
"Yoga is the restraint of the mind's instincts." (Yoga Sutra 1.2)
Meaning: Yoga is the name of restraint (control) of the instincts of the mind.
function of mind to acquire knowledge, To store it and use it when needed.
2. mind lands (Chitta-Bhumis) – states of mind
According to Patanjali, The mind functions in five states (planes). these conditions Chittabhoomi It is said:
1. thrown (Kshipta - Distracted Mind)
· This is the most disturbed state of mind, Where the mind always keeps wandering here and there.
· It remains uncontrolled and attracted towards external objects.
· In this state it is difficult for a person to meditate or practice yoga.
2. idiot (Mudha - Dull or Ignorant Mind)
· inertia of mind in this state, Is full of laziness and ignorance.
· This is a state dominated by Tamoguna., In which the person remains inactive and confused.
3. deranged ((Vikshipta - Partially Focused Mind)
· In this state the mind sometimes remains stable and sometimes wanders.
· This is a state dominated by sattva guna., But still complete meditation or samadhi is not achieved.
4. concentrated (Ekagra (Focused Mind)
· In this state the mind remains fixed on a single subject.
· This state is necessary to achieve success in meditation and perception.
5. restrained (Niruddha - Controlled Mind)
· This is the last stage of yoga, Where all the instincts of the mind are controlled.
· In this state the person enters Samadhi and attains self-realization.
3. Attitudes (Chitta-Vrittis) – movements of mind
According to Patanjali, The mind is affected by five types of vrittis (restlessness of the mind).
"Proof, contradiction, alternative, sleep, and memories." (Yoga Sutra 1.6)
Meaning: There are five instincts of the mind – Pramana, anagram, Option, Sleep and memory.
1. quantity (Pramana - Correct Knowledge)
That form of mind in which correct knowledge is obtained. There are three types:
· direct (Perception) – Direct knowledge through the senses.
· estimate (Inference) – Knowledge gained through logic.
· income (Testimony) – Knowledge based on scriptures and statements of scholars.
2. Anagrams (Viparyaya - False Knowledge)
When the mind gets confused and accepts falsehood as truth, So this is called Viparyaya Vritti.
· Example: Mistaking a rope for a snake.
3. Option (Vikalpa - Imagination or Delusion)
When the mind conceives of an imaginary object, So this option is called instinct.
· Example: Experiencing imaginary events in dreams.
4. sleep (Nidra - Sleep)
When the mind is not focused on any subject and goes into emptiness, So this is called sleep instinct.
· In deep sleep the person becomes completely separated from the outside world.
5. Commemoration (Smriti - Memory)
· When the mind stores past experiences and knowledge and recalls it when the time comes, So this is called memory instinct.
· This attitude can be helpful as well as a hindrance for yoga practice.
1. the mind – Mind, A combination of intelligence and ego.
2. Chittabhoomi – The five states of mind (Kshipta, idiot, deranged, concentrated, restrained).
3. attitudes of mind – Five movements of the mind (proof, anagram, Option, sleep, Commemoration).
Main objective of yoga practice To bring the mind into a restrained state by restraining its instincts. Is, So that self-realization and salvation can be achieved.
Ways to control mental tendencies (Chitta-Vritti Nirodhopaya)
Main objective of Patanjali Yoga Sutra ""control of mind" That means the fickleness of the mind has to be controlled. Patanjali has given some special solutions for this., Due to which the mind can be calmed and stabilized.
"Yoga is the restraint of the mind's instincts." (Yoga Sutra 1.2)
Meaning: Yoga is the name of restraint (control) of the instincts of the mind.
Main measures to control mental disorders
1. practice and renunciation (Abhyasa & Vairagya) – Regular practice and freedom from attachment
"That is restrained by practice and renunciation." (Yoga Sutra 1.12)
Meaning: The tendencies of the mind are controlled through practice and renunciation.
study (Abhyasa) – A continuous effort to concentrate the mind on a single goal.
renunciation (Vairagya) – To be free from the senses and the desires of the mind and to be oriented towards the soul.
2. Ashtanga Yoga (Ashtanga Yoga) – eightfold path of yoga
Patanjali has Ashtanga Yoga The way to stabilize the mind has been explained through:
Yam (Yama) – Ethical conduct (non-violence, Truth, Asteya, celibacy, Aparigraha).
Rule (Niyama) – Self-discipline (defecation, Satisfaction, tenacity, self study, God's creation).
Posture (Asana) – Stable and pleasant physical condition.
Pranayama (Pranayama) – Control of breathing.
withdrawal (Pratyahara) – Hesitation of the senses from the mind.
perception (Dharan) – Fixing the mind on one point.
Attention (Dhyana) – A continuous state of meditation.
mausoleum (Samadhi) – full rhythm in soul, By which salvation is attained.
3. God's creation (Ishwar Pranidhana) – surrender to god
"or by meditating on God." (Yoga Sutra 1.23)
Meaning: The mental tendencies can also be controlled by complete surrender to God.
When the seeker leaves his ego and surrenders himself to God, Then the restlessness of the mind ends.
4. Five ways to purify the mind (Five ways to purify the mind
"Friendship, compassion, joyful neglect, pleasure, pain, pious and pious objects, by feeling, the satisfaction of the mind." (Yoga Sutra). 1.33)
Meaning: friendship, compassion, Developing the feelings of sadness and neglect purifies the mind.
friendship (Maitri) – To have friendship and love for everyone.
compassion (Karuna) – Have compassion towards unhappy people.
Mudita (Mudita) – To be happy in the happiness of others.
Ignore (Upeksha) – Ignoring negativity.
5. chanting mantra (Mantra Japa) – Specially chanting Pranava(Om)
"That chanting is the realization of that purpose." (Yoga Sutra 1.28)
Meaning: Chanting the name of God (Om) and contemplating its meaning helps in controlling the mind.
Chanting Pranav (Om) purifies and concentrates the mind.
6. Satsang and self-study (Satsanga & Swadhyaya) – knowledge and sage association
"Svadhyaadishtadevata samprayogah." (Yoga Sutra 2.44)
Meaning: Contact with God is established through self-study.
Studying religious texts and attending satsang ends the restlessness of the mind.
Patanjali has given many remedies for controlling mental disorders., in which practice-dispassion, Ashtanga Yoga, God's creation, Four ways to purify the mind, chanting mantra, Self-study and satsang Are prominent. When the mind is controlled by these means, Then one can attain self-realization and salvation.
distraction of mind (Chitta-Vikshepas) – yoga's intervals (Yoga-Antarayas)
Patanjali Yoga Sutra describes the obstacles (antaraya) that come in the way of yoga practice. these obstacles distraction of mind is called, Which create obstacles in the stability of the mind and prevent the seeker from attaining meditation and samadhi.
"Disease, meditation, doubt, negligence, laziness, incessant delusion, vision, unattainable grounding, and unsteadiness are the distractions of the mind. (yoga sutra 1.30)
Meaning: There are nine types of obstacles in yoga practice., Which does not allow the mind to remain stable.
Nine distractions (Nine Chitta Vikshepas)
Patanjali has described nine types of distractions, Those who hinder spiritual practice:
1. disease (Vyadhi) – physical or mental illness
· When the body or mind is unwell, So there is hindrance in yoga practice.
· Example: It becomes difficult to meditate due to some disease.
2. breast (Styana) – mental inertia or lack of enthusiasm
· When a person has no interest in practicing yoga or becomes a victim of laziness.
· Example: Lack of desire to do yoga or not practicing it consistently.
3. doubt (Samshaya) – doubt or uncertainty
· When the seeker finds his guru, the scriptures, Or one begins to doubt one's own yoga journey.
· Example: "Is self-realization really possible through yoga??"
4. negligence (Pramada) – negligence or carelessness
· When a person does not take yoga practice seriously and does not follow the rules.
· Example: Not having discipline in practicing despite planning to do yoga regularly.
5. laziness (Alasia) – physical and mental laziness
· When the seeker wishes to practice yoga, But does not practice due to physical or mental laziness.
· Example: "Let's skip practice today, Will do it regularly from tomorrow."
6. Avirati (Avirati) – lack of control over senses
· When the seeker indulges in sensual pleasures and moves away from yoga practice.
· Example: Excessive attraction towards worldly comforts.
7. delusional philosophy (Bhranti Darshana) – incorrect or confusing knowledge
· When a person encounters confusing knowledge or principles on the path of yoga.
· Example: Considering yoga only as a physical exercise and ignoring the spiritual aspect.
8. unavailable groundedness (Alabdha Bhumikatva) – failure to attain higher states of yoga
· When the seeker, despite continuous practice, is unable to achieve the high state of meditation or samadhi and becomes disappointed.
· Example: Not being able to remain stable in meditation even after years of practice.
9. Instability (Anavasthitatva) – inability to remain stable after attaining the state of yoga
· When the seeker attains the state of meditation or samadhi, But cannot remain stable in it.
· Example: Despite gaining depth in meditation, getting lost after some time.
consequences of distractions
Patanjali has said that these distractions can divert the seeker from the path of Yoga. Due to their influence in the mind:
1. grief (poor) – Mental and physical suffering.
2. Daurmanasya (दौरमनास्य) – Despair and anxiety.
3. अंगमेजयत्व (Angamyayatva) – Instability and tremors in the body.
4. respiratory depression (Shvasa-Prashvasa Vikshepa) – Irregular breathing.
"Let the limbs of the painful mind be conquered by the breathlessness of the breath, which is accompanied by disturbances. (yoga sutra 1.31)
Ways to remove mental distractions (Solutions to Chitta Vikshepas)
1. unity study (Ekattva Abhyasa) – focus on a single element
"The practice of the One Tattva is for the purpose of forbidding that. (yoga sutra 1.32)
Meaning: To remove mental distractions, one should practice one element (object of meditation).
· any mantra (eg Om), breath, Or focusing on some divine element.
2. friendship, compassion, Mudita, Ignore (Maitri, Karuna, Mudita, Upeksha) – ways to purify the mind
"Friendship, compassion, joyful neglect, pleasure, pain, pious and pious objects, by feeling, the satisfaction of the mind. (yoga sutra 1.33)
Meaning: friendship, compassion, Having a feeling of joy and indifference makes the mind happy and calm.
· friendship (Maitri) – Have love for everyone.
· compassion (Karuna) – Have compassion towards the suffering.
· Mudita (Mudita) – Taking pleasure in the happiness of others.
· Ignore (Upeksha) – Ignoring negative thoughts and circumstances.
3. Pranayama and meditation (Pranayama & Dhyana)
· regular pranayam By doing this the mind becomes calm and distractions go away.
· Attention By stabilizing the mind, distractions can be prevented.
4. God's creation (Ishwar Pranidhana) – surrender to god
"or by the meditation of God. (yoga sutra 1.23)
Meaning: Surrender to God ends the restlessness of the mind.
· If the seeker is struggling with the difficulties of yoga, So he should leave his ego and take refuge in God.
Distractions (obstacles)
· 9 types of distractions Create obstacles in yoga practice.
· sorrow due to, Disappointment, There is trembling in the body and instability in breathing.
remedy
· Unity study
· friendship, compassion, Mudita, Ignore
· Pranayama and meditation
· God's creation
If the seeker follows these measures, So the mind can become calm and stable in meditation and samadhi.
Unit-II: PYS- Concept & Application-I
Chitta Prasadana (Chitta Prasadanam) measure of
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra Chitta Prasadana Meaning of purification of mind, peace and stability Is from. When the mind is happy and peaceful, so attention, Attaining Samadhi and enlightenment becomes easy. Yoga Sutra (1.33) Four main measures have been suggested to make the mind happy and stable:
1. friendship, compassion, Mudita, Ignore (Maitri, Karuna, Mudita, Upeksha)
"Friendship, compassion, joyful neglect, pleasure, pain, pious and pious objects, by feeling, the satisfaction of the mind.
(yoga sutra 1.33)
Meaning: friendship to please the mind, compassion, Practice mudita and neglect.
(i) friendship (Maitri) – friendship and love
· towards all affection and friendship Have a sense of.
· Give up jealousy and hatred.
· With this in mind positivity and happiness She comes.
(ii) compassion (Karuna) – kindness and sympathy
· towards sad people kindness and sympathy Have a sense of.
· seeing someone's sadness anger or neglect don't do, Instead try to help.
· mind this pure and calm It happens.
(iii) Mudita (Mudita) – joy in the happiness of others
· someone's happy being happy Feel.
· from the success of others jealousy don't do, but their achievements your source of inspiration Create.
· From this ego and negative emotions ends.
(iv) Ignore (Upeksha – ignoring wrongdoings
· of others misdeeds and bad habits Don't worry too much about this.
· without getting angry rid yourself of negative thoughts Keep.
· mind this calm and balanced Remains.
2. Pranayama and meditation (Pranayama & Dhyana)
"or by the rubbing and holding of the life-force.
(yoga sutra 1.34)
Meaning: The mind can be made happy through Pranayama.
·
· Anulom-Vilom, Bhramari, Nadi Shodhana Pranayam It removes impurities from the mind.
· Attention (Meditation) This reduces the restlessness of the mind and brings happiness.
3. Restraint of senses and satsang (Sense Control & Good Company)
""Satsangatve Nissangatvam." (The theory inspired by Fall Water)
· Stay in touch with good thoughts and positive people.
· bad thoughts, Avoid dissatisfaction and negativity.
· Keep your senses restrained and avoid over-indulgence.
4. God's creation (Ishwar Pranidhana) – surrender to god
"or by the meditation of God. (yoga sutra 1.23)
· With devotion and meditation to God impurities of mind eliminated Are there.
· Consider the difficulties as God's will and find solutions to them peacefully.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
To please and calm the mind:
✅ friendship (friendship), karuna (mercy), Mudita (bliss), Adopt balance.
✅ Practice pranayama and meditation.
✅ Stay in good thoughts and company.
✅ Surrender to God.
If the seeker follows these measures, so the mind quiet, steady and happy Will be done, Due to which one will get success in yoga practice. 🙏
Karma theory (Karma Siddhanta)
Introduction (Introduction)
Karma theory is an important concept of Indian philosophy., Which shows that every living being bears the fruits according to his deeds. This theory is based on the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, yoga philosophy, Particularly described in Jain philosophy and Buddhist philosophy.
Patanjali Yogasutra (Patanjali Yoga Sutras) Karma theory has also been given an important place. It states that our present and past actions determine our future state.
"When the root is present, the consequences of that are birth, life and enjoyment. (yoga sutra 2.13)
Meaning: As long as the root (seed) of karma exists, till then resulting birth, Age and enjoyment are attained.
1. Types of Karma (Types of Karma)
In Indian philosophy, karma is mainly divided into three parts:
(i) accumulated karma (Sanchita Karma) – accumulated karma
· these are those deeds, Which have been done in previous lives and have not yet received their results.
· it's a kind of Karma Store (Karmic Storage) Is, Which affects the next births of the person.
(ii) destiny karma (Prarabdha Karma) – karma to be experienced in destiny
· Those deeds which were done earlier and now have to suffer their consequences in this life.
· This Luck (Destiny) Is also called.
· Predestined karma cannot be avoided in this birth.
"It is called fate that has begun. (from the scriptures)
Meaning: The destiny itself is called destiny.
(iii) Kriyamaan Karma (Kriyamana Karma) – current actions
· the deeds we are doing now, They influence the future.
· This future deeds It is also said because its fruits will be seen in the future.
· The karma of the present will become the destiny in the next life.
2. principles of karma (Principles of Karma)
1. The principle of cause and effect (Law of Cause and Effect)
· Every action has an effect.
· if someone does a good deed, then he gets good results and if he does bad deeds, So you get bad results.
· this principle "like karma, "that kind of fruit" Known as.
2. Karma is mandatory (Karma is Inevitable)
· Every person has to do work.
· Bhagavad Gita (3.5) stated in:
"For no one ever stays for a moment without doing anything.
Meaning: No person can live without doing work even for a moment.
3. karma is free, But the fruit is mandatory (You Have Free Will to Act, but the Results Are Inevitable)
· a person can choose his actions, But its result is not as per his wish.
· this principle "Karmanyevadhikaraste ma phaleshu kadachan" (Geeta 2.47) Is based on.
· Meaning: have the right to act, But no control over the fruit.
4. attaining salvation through karma (Liberation through Karma)
· If the person Nishkaam Karma (Selfless Karma) does, So he can free himself from bondage and attain salvation.
· according to yoga philosophy, To avoid the consequences of karma, one should surrender one's actions to God.
3. Karma theory in yoga philosophy (Karma Siddhanta in Yoga Darshan)
(i) Relationship between suffering and karma (Relation of Kleshas and Karma)
"The root of suffering is the desire for action, painful in births seen and unseen. (yoga sutra 2.12)
Meaning: affliction (ignorance, identity, anger, hate, Abhinivesha) is the origin of karma and it gives results in present and future births.
· when a person Raga (attachment) and Dvesha (hatred) acts with, So he gets tied in the bondage of karma.
· By practicing yoga, these troubles can be destroyed and one can become free from the effects of karma.
(ii) Yoga and freedom from the consequences of karma (Liberation from Karma through Yoga)
According to Patanjali, If a person follows the path of yoga, So he can be free from the effects of karma.
"Those afflictions, the Lord of the particular Purusha, are untouched by the desires for the consequences of action. (yoga sutra 1.24)
Meaning: god those troubles, Are free from karma and their results.
remedy:
1. To dedicate one's work to God (Ishwar Pranidhana)
2. bear witness (Be a Witness to Actions)
3. to do selfless work (Selfless Action Without Desire for Fruits)
4. Spiritual importance of karma theory (Spiritual Significance of Karma Siddhanta)
· A person is responsible for his own actions.
· To improve the future, it is necessary to do good deeds in the present.
· Through yoga one can attain salvation by freeing oneself from the bondage of karma.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ There are three types of karma – accumulated, destiny, object of action।
✅ law of karma "like karma, "that kind of fruit" Is based on.
✅ One can attain freedom from the bondage of karma by practicing yoga.
✅ Salvation is possible through selfless action and devotion to God.
"Yoga is skill in actions. (Geeta 2.50)
Meaning: sum, Have the skill to do work.
🙏 so, do good deeds, Take up yoga and attain enlightenment. 🚩
kriya yoga (Kriya Yoga – According to Patanjali Yoga Sutra
Introduction (Introduction)
In Patanjali Yogasutra (yoga philosophy) kriya yoga It has been described as a means of self-purification and stability of mind. Kriya Yoga is considered a practical form of yoga practice., which mind, Helpful in purifying body and soul.
Definition of Kriya Yoga in Yoga Sutra
"Asceticism, study, meditation on the Lord, and the Yoga of action. (yoga sutra 2.1)
Meaning: *penance (austerity), Swadhyaya (study), And Ishwar Pranidhan (surrender to God) – this is Kriya Yoga.
According to Patanjali, Kriya Yoga has three main parts:
1. Three parts of Kriya Yoga (Three Components of Kriya Yoga)
(i) penance (Perseverance) – self-control and discipline
· meaning of penance is the body, Restraint of senses and mind.
· it endurance, Self-control and mental toughness Develops.
· Enduring the difficulties the seeker moves towards his goal.
· Example: fasting, celibacy, balanced diet, Regularity in meditation.
"The perfection of the body and senses is due to the destruction of impurity by austerity. (yoga sutra 2.43)
Meaning: By practicing penance, impurities are destroyed and the body and senses are perfected.
(ii) self study (Swadhyaya) – introspection and study
· meaning of self-study the scriptures, Vedas, Study of Upanishads and Yoga texts Have to do.
· In this Chanting and meditation of Om (Pranava) also includes.
· It develops the soul's identity and self-understanding.
· Example: Geeta, Upanishad, Study and meditation of Yoga Sutras.
"Svadhyaadishtadevatasamprayogaḥ. (yoga sutra 2.44)
Meaning: God is realized through self-study.
(iii) God's creation (Ishwar Pranidhana) – dedication and devotion
· Meaning of God's creation Complete surrender and faith in God Have to keep.
· From this destruction of ego It happens and the devotee dedicates the fruits of his deeds to God.
· It paves the way for mental peace and salvation.
"The perfection of meditation is from meditating on the Lord. (yoga sutra 2.45)
Meaning: Samadhi is achieved by surrendering to God.
2. Purpose of Kriya Yoga (Aim of Kriya Yoga
Patanjali main objective of Kriya Yoga Destruction of kleshas (mental obstacles) and attainment of samadhi Told.
"for the purpose of feeling Samadhi and for the purpose of imitating suffering. (yoga sutra 2.2)
Meaning: The aim of Kriya Yoga is to attain Samadhi and reduce suffering.
3. Kriya Yoga and destruction of afflictions ((Kriya Yoga and Removal of Kleshas)
Patanjali has five types klesha (mental impurities) have told, Which are obstacles in the path of yoga. Kriya Yoga is helpful in destroying these troubles.
five tribulations (Five Kleshas) And their solution through Kriya Yoga
4. Kriya Yoga and Samadhi (Kriya Yoga and Samadhi)
ultimate goal of kriya yoga attainment of samadhi Is, Due to which the soul gets purified and the seeker attains salvation.
"Yoga is the restraint of the mind's instincts. (yoga sutra 1.2)
Meaning: Yoga is the control (purification) of the tendencies of the mind.
5. Importance of Kriya Yoga in modern life
1. Removes mental stress.
2. Increases concentration and confidence.
3. Develops discipline and restraint in life.
4. Leads to spiritual progress and enlightenment.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ Kriya Yoga has three parts – tenacity, self study, God's creation।
✅ its purpose Destruction of suffering and attainment of Samadhi Is.
✅ it Mental purification, Self-control and connection with God Is helpful in.
✅ in modern life stress relief, Concentration and self-development Is useful for.
"Asceticism, study, meditation on the Lord, and the Yoga of action.
tenacity, Self-study and devotion to God – this is Kriya Yoga.
🙏 take up yoga, pursue life, And attain enlightenment! 🚩
Panch Klesh (Pancha Kleshas) – According to Patanjali Yoga Sutra
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra tribulations (tribulations) has been described, Which create obstacles in yoga practice and become the cause of human suffering. meaning of the word tribulation "mental and spiritual impurities", Which destabilizes a person's mind and keeps him away from self-knowledge.
📜 sutra of pancha kleshas
"They are the troubles of ignorance, smile, attachment and hatred.
(yoga sutra 2.3)
Meaning: ignorance, identity, anger, Hatred and attachment – these are the five afflictions.
According to Patanjali, Without eliminating these afflictions, salvation cannot be achieved.
🔹 1. Ignorance (Avidya) – ignorance
"The fame of the Self of eternal impure happiness in the Self of eternal impure pain is ignorance.
(yoga sutra 2.5)
Meaning: Eternal (perishable) to eternal (eternal), Purify the impure, To consider sorrow as happiness and non-self as soul is ignorance.
Effects of ignorance:
· Considering truth as false and false as truth.
· Considering the mortal world as permanent.
· Considering body and senses as soul.
· Finding happiness and peace in external things.
Solution (Solution)
✅ Do self-study (study the scriptures).
✅ Recognize the truth through meditation and introspection.
✅ Stay under the guidance of satsang and guru.
🔹 2. identity (Asmita) – the ego
"As the smile of the one Self of the power of sight and sight.
(yoga sutra 2.6)
Meaning: Ego means considering the soul and intellect as one.
Effects of identity:
· "The feeling of “I” and “mine” becomes stronger.
· the person himself body, Mind, Post, Wealth, Connects with knowledge.
· hate, A feeling of competition and isolation arises.
Solution (Solution)
✅ Eliminate “Aham” (ego) through meditation and jnana yoga.
✅ recognize yourself as soul, Not in the form of body or mind.
✅ Practice service and charity.
🔹 3. anger (Men) – Attachment
"The passion that lies in pleasure.
(yoga sutra 2.7)
Meaning: The tendency that arises from the desire for happiness is called attachment.
Effects of Raga:
· person or thing, Person, Expects happiness from experience.
· Sorrow arises when desires are not fulfilled.
· Indulgence tendency increases, Due to which attachment and bondage are born.
Solution (Solution)
✅ Practice Vairagya (detachment).
✅ Adopt the attitude of contentment (a contented person is always happy).
✅ Control desires through meditation and yoga.
🔹 4. hatred (Dvesha) – hatred or opposition
"Hatred that follows suffering.
(yoga sutra 2.8)
Meaning: The negative attitude arising from painful experiences is called hatred.
Effects of hatred:
· jealousy towards others, hatred, And a feeling of anger arises.
· The person remains haunted by the negative events of his past.
· Mental unrest and stress increases.
Solution (Solution)
✅ Develop forgiveness and love.
✅ Calm the mind with meditation and devotional yoga.
✅ Accept the mistakes of others and learn from them.
🔹 5. investment (Abhinivesha) – fear of death
"Even a learned man who carries the taste of the tone is so ascended to the absorption.
(yoga sutra 2.9)
Meaning: The fear of death is so deep that it is found even in a wise person.
Effects of investment:
· The person remains afraid of death.
· Due to uncertainty, fear and anxiety persist in life.
· More attachment to materialism arises.
Solution (Solution)
✅ Meditate and know the true nature of the soul.
✅ Consider death as a natural process.
✅ Steady your mind with devotion and devotion to God.
🔹 How to remove pancha kleshas? (How to Remove Kleshas?)
Patanjali has given the way to destroy the sufferings through yoga:
1. study (Practice) – regular yoga, Do meditation and meditation.
2. renunciation (Detachment) – Be detached from worldly things.
3. Knowledge (Knowledge) – Discover the truth through self-study and introspection.
4. devotion (Devotion) – Destroy ego and fear by worshiping God.
5. Control (Discipline) – Control the senses and mind.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ avidya (ignorance) This is the root of all troubles.
✅ Identity (Ego), attachment (attachment), hate (hate), and Abhinivesha (fear of death) These are the root causes of human suffering.
✅ sum, Attention, These sufferings can be ended through knowledge and renunciation.
"The root of suffering is the desire for action, painful in births seen and unseen. (yoga sutra 2.12)
Meaning: Karma from many births accumulates due to suffering., Which can be eliminated by yoga.
🙏 take up yoga, be free from troubles, And attain enlightenment! 🚩
grief (poor) Nature and its types
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
Patanjali in Yogasutra and Indian philosophy sadness It has been considered an essential truth of life. The aim of Yoga philosophy is to attain enlightenment by eliminating suffering. Patanjali told that avidya (ignorance) Man remains trapped in sorrow due to, And freedom from this sorrow is possible through the practice of yoga.
📜 Mention of sorrow in Patanjali Yoga Sutra:
"Hey, this is a pain that hasn't come. (yoga sutra 2.16)
Meaning: The coming sorrow can be avoided.
👉 In this sutra, Patanjali said that future suffering can be eliminated by practicing yoga.
🔹 types of sorrow (Types of Dukha)
In Yogashastra and Sankhya philosophy, suffering is divided into three main types., whom ""Triple Sorrow" It is said:
1. spiritual sorrow (Adhyatmika Dukha) – self-related grief
This is the sorrow that a person physical or mental Arises due to reasons. It is divided into two parts:
✅ (i) physical suffering (Physical Dukha) – diseases in the body, Injury, old age, Tiredness, hunger and thirst, Pain caused by birth and death etc.
✅ (ii) mental distress (mental distress) – Anger, jealousy, Worry, fear, fascination, Mourning, Pain caused by mental disorders like hatred etc.
👉 Example:
· A person may develop an incurable disease.
· Feel disappointed or lonely.
🔹 Solution (Solution):
✅ Improve mental and physical health with yoga and meditation.
✅ Adopt satisfaction and positive attitude.
2. material suffering (Adhibhautika Dukha) – suffering caused by external causes
this sorrow external circumstances, society or other organisms Arises due to. This "physical suffering" Is also called.
👉 Example:
· Someone being a victim of theft or fraud.
· Grief caused by the death of a loved one.
· Suffering from being bitten by animals or insects.
🔹 Solution (Solution):
✅ Develop patience and tolerance.
✅ Work with Karmayoga and selflessness.
3. divine sorrow (Adhidaivika Dukha) – grief caused by natural causes
This sorrow is related to the circumstances which beyond human control are occurring, such as natural disasters, influence of planets, Intervention of fate or divine power.
👉 Example:
· Earthquake, flood, storm, pandemic.
· Suffering due to planetary positions or karmic results.
🔹 Solution (Solution):
✅ Calm the mind by Ishwar Pranidhan (devotion and surrender).
✅ equanimity towards life (Equanimity) Develop.
🔹 cause of sorrow (Causes of Dukha)
Patanjali said that the main cause of sorrow avidya (ignorance) Is, Due to which man is not able to differentiate between soul and body and searches for happiness in worldly things.
"and pain from the pains of consequences, austerities and rituals, and from the contradiction of the modes of nature. (yoga sutra 2.15)
Meaning: There are four major causes of sadness:
1. result sorrow (Parinama Dukha) – Attachment to temporary things.
2. heat pain (Tapa Dukha) – Suffering when desires are not fulfilled.
3. sanskar sadha (Sanskara Dukha) – Suffering caused by the effects of past karma.
4. merit opposition (Guna Vritti Virodha) – conflict of nature's qualities, Like the effect of Rajogun and Tamogun.
🔹 freedom from sorrow (Solution to Dukha)
To be free from suffering in Patanjali Yoga Sutra Ashtanga Yoga (Eight Limbs of Yoga) And Vivekkhyaati (Spiritual Wisdom) It has been advised to follow.
Ways to get rid of sorrow through yoga:
✅ Yama and Niyama – Adopt an ethical lifestyle.
✅ asanas and pranayama – Create physical and mental balance.
✅ Attention (Dhyana) – Get mental peace.
✅ renunciation (Detachment) – Be detached from worldly things.
✅ God's creation (Devotion to God) – Achieve mental peace through faith and dedication.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
👉 There are three types of sorrow – Spiritual, Metaphysical and spiritual.
👉 root cause of suffering ignorance, Attachment, bondage of ego and desires Is.
👉 sum, Attention, devotion, Freedom from suffering can be achieved through renunciation and karmayoga.
🚩 "take up yoga, be free from sorrow, And attain enlightenment!” 🙏
Unit-III: PYS- Concept & Application-II
Ashtanga Yoga (Eight Limbs of Yoga) – According to Patanjali Yoga Sutra
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra, Yoga has been described as a means of self-realization and attaining salvation. In this Ashtanga Yoga (Yoga with eight limbs) has been given a prominent place, The mental of the person, Develops physically and spiritually.
"The eight limbs of yoga" (yoga sutra 2.29)
Meaning: There are eight parts of yoga.
🔹 of Ashtanga Yoga 8 Organ (Eight Limbs of Yoga)
1️⃣ Yam (Yama) – social discipline
Yama are those rules which are necessary for correct conduct in the society. There are five types:
1. non-violence (Ahimsa) – mind any living being, Promise, And do not cause harm by action.
2. Truth (Satya) – Telling the truth and being honest.
3. Asteya (level) – don't steal, Do not take anyone's thing without permission.
4. celibacy (Brahmacharya) – control over senses, Purity of thoughts.
5. Aparigraha (Aparigraha) – excess clothing, Wealth, Not hoarding property etc.
✅ Benefit: goodwill in society, Love, And discipline remains.
2️⃣ Rule (Niyama) – Personal discipline
Niyamas are those rules which are necessary for the purification of oneself. There are five types:
1. defecation (toilet) – Body, Purity of mind and thoughts.
2. Satisfaction (Santosha) – Be satisfied with whatever you have.
3. penance (Tapas) – Self-control and patience.
4. self study (Swadhyaya) – Study of scriptures and introspection.
5. God's worship (Ishwar Pranidhana) – Faith and dedication in God.
✅ Benefit: Self-purification and mental stability is achieved.
3️⃣ Posture (Asana) – physical stability
Asana means keeping the body in a stable and comfortable position.
"Sthirasukhamasana" (yoga sutra 2.46)
Meaning: a situation that is stable and pleasant, That is the seat.
✅ Benefit: Makes the body healthy and disease free, Calms the mind.
4️⃣ Pranayama (Pranayama) – breathing control
meaning of pranayama controlling the rate of breathing।
"In that case, the interruption of the movement of breathing and expiration is called pranayama. (yoga sutra 2.49)
Meaning: Pranayam is to control the speed of breathing.
✅ Benefit: Energy in the body is balanced, Mental peace and ability to meditate increases.
5️⃣ withdrawal (Pratyahara) – restraint of senses
meaning of withdrawal Focusing the senses inwards by removing them from external objects।
"Retraction as imitation of the form of the mind in the interaction of one's own objects. (yoga sutra 2.54)
Meaning: Removing the senses from external objects and turning the mind towards the soul is Pratyahara.
✅ Benefit: Helpful in meditation and mental control.
6️⃣ perception (Dharan) – concentration
meaning of perception to fix the mind in one place।
"Country bond is the perception of the mind" (yoga sutra 3.1)
Meaning: Dharana is fixing the mind at one point.
✅ Benefit: Mental concentration required for meditation develops.
7️⃣ Attention (Dhyana) – Attention
meaning of meditation Continually focusing on the same subject or object।
"There is the singularity of belief, the meditation. (yoga sutra 3.2)
Meaning: When the mind becomes fixed on one point, So it is called meditation.
✅ Benefit: Mental peace and spiritual awakening.
8️⃣ mausoleum (Samadhi) – self realization
Samadhi is the last stage of yoga, in which The seeker becomes one with his soul and God.।
"That is meditation, as if it were empty of form, without the illumination of meaning alone. (yoga sutra 3.3)
Meaning: When the mind is completely absorbed in the object, So that is called Samadhi.
✅ Benefit: Attainment of salvation and enlightenment.
🔹 Importance of Ashtanga Yoga in modern life
1. improves morals – Morality increases through Yama and Niyama.
2. improves physical health – Asana and pranayama keep the body healthy.
3. Increases mental concentration – The mind becomes stronger through meditation and dharana.
4. Reduces stress and anxiety – Yoga and meditation bring mental peace.
5. Provides spiritual progress – Samadhi paves the way to salvation.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ Ashtanga Yoga is a set of eight limbs, which the person's physical, Helps in mental and spiritual upliftment.
✅ Yoga is not just exercise, Rather, life is the art of living.
✅ If Ashtanga Yoga is followed, So Freedom from sorrow and attainment of salvation is possible.
🚩 "take up yoga, balance life, And attain enlightenment!” 🙏
Yama-Niyam and their results (Yama-Niyama & Its Results)
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra Ashtanga Yoga first and second part of Yam (Yama) and rules (Niyama) Are. These two people Moral, mental and spiritual upliftment are necessary for.
· Yam There are rules related to social discipline, Which improves our relations with society.
· Rule There are rules related to personal discipline, Which helps in self-control and self-development.
"Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi are the eight limbs. (yoga sutra 2.29)
Meaning: Yoga has eight limbs – Yama, Rule, Posture, Pranayama, withdrawal, perception, Meditation and Samadhi.
1️⃣ Yam (Yama) – social discipline
Yama is a set of five rules, the person who conduct towards society Controls.
🔹 Benefits obtained by following Yama:
✅ Morality and morality increase.
✅ love in society, Peace and goodwill prevail.
✅ There is balance and stability in mind and body.
✅ human ego, jealousy, And after getting free from anger, one moves towards spiritual development.
2️⃣ Rule (Niyama) – Personal discipline
The rules are a set of five individual rules, Which helps in self-control and self-development.
🔹 Benefits obtained by following the rules:
✅ Self-development and self-purification takes place.
✅ There is mental balance and spiritual progress.
✅ Self-control and patience increases.
✅ Devotion and faith in God becomes stronger.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ Yama and Niyama Yoga is the foundation stone for spiritual practice.
✅ Yam balance social life, Whereas Rule Strengthens personal discipline.
✅ By practicing these, a person physical, mentally and spiritually strong Is made.
✅ The person who follows Yama-Niyam, He Freed from suffering one moves towards self-realization and salvation.
🚩 "follow the rules and regulations, Balance life and attain enlightenment!” 🙏
Asana and Pranayama and their effects (Asana-Pranayama & Its Impact)
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra Posture And Pranayama These have been described as important parts of Ashtanga Yoga. Both these means are physical, Helpful in balancing mental and spiritual health.
· Posture stabilize the body, Makes healthy and strong.
· Pranayama Prana Shakti by controlling breathing (Vital Energy) Awakens.
"A stable comfortable seat. (yoga sutra 2.46)
Meaning: posture is that, Which is stable and pleasant.
"In that case, the interruption of the movement of breathing and expiration is called pranayama. (yoga sutra 2.49)
Meaning: Pranayam is to control the breathing after attaining stability in the asana.
1️⃣ Posture (Asana) – Stabilization and purification of the body
Meaning and definition of asana
🔹 meaning of posture ""To sit in a stable and comfortable position"।
🔹 It is a medium to stabilize the body and calm the mind.
Types of asanas (Types of Asanas)
1. Sukhasana (Meditative Postures) – Suitable for meditation and sadhana.
the padmasana, Siddhasana, Vajrasana, Sukhasana.
2. Relaxing postures (Relaxing Postures) – To relieve stress and fatigue.
the Shavasana, Makarasana.
3. Asanas that increase balance and strength (Balancing & Strengthening Postures)
the Tadasana, Vrikshasana, Virabhadrasana, Dhanurasana.
4. Asanas for the abdomen and spine (Spinal & Abdominal Postures)
the Bhujangasana, Halasana, Sarvangasana, Paschimottanasana.
Benefits of Asana (Impact of Asana)
✅ Physical Benefits: body flexible, Makes you strong and energetic.
✅ Mental Benefits: Tension, Reduces anxiety and depression.
✅ Spiritual Benefits: Prepares the mind for meditation and samadhi.
✅ Disease prevention: heart disease, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, Helpful in back pain etc.
2️⃣ Pranayama (Pranayama) – breathing control and vitality
Meaning and definition of pranayama
🔹 "Life" means life force (Vital Energy)।
🔹 "Dimensions" Means control or extension.
🔹 By controlling breathing through Pranayama, the energy of the body and mind is balanced.
Types of Pranayama (Types of Pranayama)
1. Nadi Shodhana Pranayam (Anulom-Vilom) – Purifies the nerves of the body.
2. Bhasrika Pranayama – Increases respiratory power and oxygen level.
3. Kapalabhati Pranayama – Purifies the mind and body.
4. Bhramari Pranayama – Removes mental stress and insomnia.
5. Ujjayi Pranayama – Increases lung capacity.
6. Sheetali and Sheetkari Pranayam – Cools the body and balances Pitta dosha.
Benefits of Pranayama (Impact of Pranayama)
✅ Physical Benefits: Increases oxygen supply, Improves lung capacity.
✅ Mental Benefits: increases concentration, Reduces stress and anxiety.
✅ Spiritual Benefits: Increases the depth of meditation and samadhi.
✅ Disease prevention: heart disease, Asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, Helpful in mental disorders.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ Posture stabilize the body, Makes you flexible and energetic.
✅ Pranayama Awakens mental peace and vitality.
✅ practice both physical, mental and spiritual health Strengthens.
✅ through regular yoga practice Health, longevity and enlightenment Is achieved.
🚩 "Practice asanas and pranayam regularly and achieve perfect health!” 🙏
One-element practice (One-Tatva Abhyasa)
🔹 Introduction (Introduction)
"One-element practice" It has been mentioned in yoga as a way to achieve mental stability and deepen meditation. this practice Reduces restlessness and increases concentration Is helpful in.
"It is the satisfaction of the mind by the feeling of friendship, compassion, joy, neglect, pleasure, pain, merit and pious objects. (yoga sutra 1.33)
Meaning: friendship, compassion, Developing the feelings of sadness and neglect leads to purification of the mind.
"This should be known to all. But the practice of the One Tattva is indifference to its opponents. (yoga sutra 1.32)
Meaning: By practicing one element, all distractions of the mind are eliminated.
🔹 Meaning of one-element practice (Meaning of Ek-Tatwa Abhyasa)
"one-element" means focus on one subject or object।
"study" means Continuous practice।
This means that to concentrate completely on one thing, Due to which the restlessness of the mind ends and concentration increases.
🔹 Types of one-element exercises (Types of Ek-Tatwa Abhyasa)
1. Meditation on God (Ishwar Pranidhana) – God, Meditation on mantra or any divine power.
2. meditation on breathing (Breath Awareness) – Feeling the breath and breathing and concentrating on it.
3. Mantra chanting (Mantra Chanting) – "Continuous chanting of “Om” or any other mantra.
4. Attention (Meditation on an Object) – a particular object, Like focusing on the flame of a lamp or on some point.
5. Swaroop Chintan (Self-Inquiry) – "Who am I?" To think about it.
🔹 Benefits of One-Element Practice (Benefits of Ek-Tatwa Abhyasa)
✅ mental stability – The mind becomes calm and stable.
✅ increase concentration – Attention and memory power increases.
✅ elimination of mental distractions – The number of unnecessary thoughts is reduced.
✅ spiritual progress – Helpful in moving towards meditation and samadhi.
✅ relief from stress and anxiety – Psychological peace is achieved.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
✅ one-element practice An effective means of increasing mental concentration and stabilizing attention.
✅ This is very important for progress in yoga practice.
✅ person with constant practice unperturbed mind, Inner peace and enlightenment can achieve.
🚩 "Concentrate on one element and achieve purification of mind!” 🙏
📜 God's doctrine (Concept of Ishwara in Yoga Sutras)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra God (Ishwara) Has been presented as a special man (special soul), Who unchangeable, omniscient, almighty, And past the deeds Is. Devotion to God (Ishwar Pranidhan) in Yoga An effective means of attaining Samadhi It has been told.
🔹 form of God (Nature of Ishwara)
1. Definition of God in Patanjali Yoga Sutra
"He is the Lord of the special Purusha, untouched by the desires for the consequences of affliction, action and action. (yoga sutra 1.24)
Meaning: God is that special man (special soul), Joe Tribulation, Deed, Is completely free from its fruits and rituals.
✦ This sutra tells us that God is not affected by karma and its bondages like ordinary living beings.
2. God's knowledge and ideal of Guru
"That preceptor of the ancients did not separate himself from time. (yoga sutra 1.26)
Meaning: God is the Guru of all the ancient Gurus because He is beyond the limits of time.
✦ It shows that God is the source of eternal knowledge and the Adiguru of all sages and yogis.
3. Meditation on God through Pranav (Omkar)
"The oṁkāra signifying it. (yoga sutra 1.27)
Meaning: The symbol of God is "Om".
✦ in yoga practice "Om" Chanting and meditation are the best means to connect with God.
"That chanting is the feeling of that purpose. (yoga sutra 1.28)
Meaning: Chanting this Pranava (Om) and meditating on its meaning leads to realization of God.
🔹 God's worship (Surrender to Ishwara) – means of attaining samadhi
"or by the meditation of God. (yoga sutra 1.23)
Meaning: Samadhi can be attained by complete surrender to God.
✦ This is in the path of yoga Bhakti (devotion to God) is also an important means Presents as.
🔹 Importance and Benefits of God (Significance and Benefits of Ishwara in Yoga)
✅ freedom from suffering – Surrendering to God brings mental peace.
✅ freedom from karmic bondage – By meditating on God, the burden of a person's deeds becomes lighter.
✅ attainment of samadhi – Being absorbed in God brings depth in meditation and samadhi.
✅ destruction of ego – Ego is destroyed by devotion to God and a pure mind is created.
🔹 conclusion (Conclusion)
📌 According to Patanjali, god is a special man, who is always free, He is omniscient and a Guru.
📌 Om (Pranava) is their symbol, And its chanting is important for meditation.
📌 Pranadhi to God purifies the mind and helps in attaining Samadhi.
🚩 "Surrender to God and attain purification of soul!” 🙏
Unit-IV: PYS- Concept & Application-III
of intimate yoga concept
Antaranga Yoga (Antaranga Yoga) is the internal aspect of yoga which focuses on self-contemplation., Leads to meditation and samadhi. It covers the last three stages of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga:
1. perception (Concentration) – concentration
Dharana means the mind perceives a single object., mantra, Or to fixate on a focal point of attention. This is the stage of moving from external (extrinsic) practices such as asana and pranayama to internal awareness. This increases the power to concentrate and provides mental stability.
2. Attention (Meditation) – meditation practice
Meditation is the state in which the mind is completely absorbed in the focal point of attention. It is a deep state of meditation in which a person's consciousness becomes calm and clear.
3. mausoleum (Ultimate Absorption) – supreme consciousness
Samadhi is the ultimate goal of yoga, Where the seeker attains self-realization and divine experience. In this state the ego vanishes and only pure consciousness remains. There are different levels of Samadhi, Like Savikalpa Samadhi (in which some consciousness remains) and Nirvikalpa Samadhi (which is a state of complete self-realization).
Importance of intimate yoga
· This is the path of self-purification and self-realization.
· Helps in providing relief from mental and emotional ups and downs.
· Helps in deep spiritual progress and reaching a state of higher consciousness.
· Helps in attaining moksha (liberation).
Antaranga Yoga is the process of moving from external practices to internal sadhana., Where the seeker moves from physical discipline to mental and spiritual perfection. Would you also like to include any specific texts or modern references on this topic?
Samadhi: Samprajnata and Asamprajnata Samadhi
according to yoga philosophy, Samadhi is the highest state of yoga, In which the seeker attains self-realization and ultimate consciousness. Patanjali Muni has divided Samadhi into two parts:
1. Sampragya Samadhi (Samprajnata Samadhi)
2. Asamprajnata Samadhi (Asamprajnata Samadhi)
1. Sampragya Samadhi (Samprajnata Samadhi)
Samprajnata Samadhi is also called “Savikalpa Samadhi”. This is the state in which the seeker still retains some understanding (knowledge). The mind's instincts remain active in this, But they are completely controlled.
Four types of Samprajnata Samadhi:
1. Savitarka (Savitaraka) mausoleum – In this the mind is attached to a physical object (like a statue), mantra, or any symbol).
2. Nirvitarka ((Nirvitar) mausoleum – The object of meditation remains in this, But his name and form vanish, Only the feeling remains.
3. Thoughts (Savichara) mausoleum – In this, meditation is done on some subtle element (like Panchatattva, subtle body, Or focuses on elemental knowledge).
4. thoughtless (Nirvichara) mausoleum – It experiences only pure consciousness, There are no thoughts or feelings.
In Samprajnata Samadhi the seeker still remains at the level of duality (knowledge and the known)., That is, he has the experience that "I am meditating."
2. Asamprajnata Samadhi (Asamprajnata Samadhi)
Asamprajnata Samadhi is also called "Nirvikalpa Samadhi". This is the higher level of Samadhi, in which all mental tendencies are destroyed, And only the pure soul or Brahma is experienced.
Characteristics of Asamprajnata Samadhi:
· any thoughts on this, Sign , sound, Or there is no basis for meditation.
· the ego, Commemoration, And the senses cease to exist.
· Only pure consciousness (Pure Consciousness) Remains.
· It leads to Kaivalya (salvation).
In Asamprajnata Samadhi, the seeker does not differentiate between his existence and Brahma. He becomes situated only in the state of Brahma.
Difference between Samprajnata and Asamprajnata Samadhi
conclusion
Samprajnata Samadhi is an advanced state of meditation, In which the seeker passes through different levels of knowledge. On reaching Asamprajnata Samadhi, The seeker becomes free from all mental states and becomes situated only in Brahma or Atman.
This is the ultimate goal of Samadhi in Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga – going beyond ego and duality and uniting the soul with God.
Do you want to understand it in more depth or want an explanation from a specific reference text?
Ritambhara Pragya (Ritambhara Prajna) and Vivek Khyati (Viveka Khyati)
Yoga philosophy describes various mental and spiritual states to attain the highest state of knowledge (Prajna). in these Ritambhara Pragya And Vivek Khyati are particularly important, Which helps in the path of samadhi and self-realization.
1. Ritambhara Pragya (Ritambhara Prajna) – true wisdom
Meaning and definition
in sanskrit "Rit" means "truth" and "ंभरा" Means "one who holds".
so Ritambhara Pragya means "Wisdom or knowledge that holds the truth", This knowledge does not depend on any external evidence or argument., Rather, it arises on its own in a deep state of meditation.
Characteristics of Ritambhara Pragya
· It is based on truth (Rita) and never changes.
· this argument, Not by guesswork or other outside sources, Rather, it is achieved directly through self-realization.
· In this the knowledge is infallible and there is no doubt or confusion.
· It appears in the state of samadhi (especially thoughtless samadhi).
Mention in Patanjali Yoga Sutra
Patanjali Yogasutra (1.48) stated in:
"Ritambhara there is wisdom"
In other words, When the seeker becomes completely situated in the state of meditation and samadhi, then him Ritambhara Pragya Is achieved.
Difference between common sense (common sense) and Ritambhara Pragya
2. Vivek Khyati (Viveka Khyati) – ultimate discrimination
Meaning and definition
in sanskrit "Discretion" means "discriminating mind" and "fame" Means "light or knowledge".
Therefore Vivek Khyati means "true and false, soul and non-soul, The ability to distinguish clearly between the eternal and the mortal"।
Characteristics of Vivek Khyati
· It enables one to distinguish between soul (purusha) and prakriti (elements of nature).
· It makes the seeker experience the truth that "I am not body or mind, Rather, I am a pure soul."
· When Vivek Khyati is fully developed, So the person becomes free from the attachment and ignorance of the world.
· It leads to salvation (Kaivalya).
Mention in Patanjali Yoga Sutra
Patanjali Yogasutra (2.26) stated in:
"Vivekakhyatiraviplava hanopayah"
In other words, Vivek Khyati (Ability to differentiate between truth and false) Become steadfast and unwavering, So this is the solution to salvation.
Stages of Vivek Khyati
1. real sense – Elementary knowledge of truth and falsehood.
2. deep understanding – The ability to distinguish between soul and non-soul through practice and meditation.
3. constant awareness – To maintain this wisdom in all experiences of the world.
4. complete self realization – To be situated only in the soul (Kaivalya state).
Difference between common sense and wisdom
Difference between Ritambhara Pragya and Vivek Khyati
· Ritambhara Pragya The highest truth attained in Samadhi is, Which provides unique and impeccable knowledge to the Yogi.
· Vivek Khyati that's power, Which gives the seeker the ability to differentiate between soul and non-soul., Due to which he moves towards salvation.
To achieve both these conditions Attention, mausoleum, self-study and renunciation Practice is necessary. This is the reason why in Patanjali Yogadarshan, Samadhi and Vivek Khyati are considered very important for self-realization.
Do you want to understand it in more depth or add references to a particular scripture?
Achievements achieved through patience (Siddhis Related to Sanyama)
In Patanjali Yoga Sutra Control (Sanyama) It is considered the highest practice of yoga. Control means "perception, Meditation and Samadhi" To practice together. When a seeker meditates on a particular subject or object, So he gets special siddhis (supernatural powers) related to that subject.
Patanjali Muni wrote Yoga Sutra vibhuti pada (These achievements have been described in detail in the third chapter.
Major achievements achieved through patience
1. Trikaalgyan (Bhoot, knowledge of future and present)
(yoga sutra 3.16)
➡ When the seeker meditates on the nature of time (Kaal), so ghost him, Complete knowledge of future and present is obtained.
2. Knowledge of previous lives (Previous Birth Recollection Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.18)
➡ When the seeker controls his sanskars (memories), So he remembers his previous lives.
3. Power to read the minds of others (Parachittagyan Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.19-20)
➡ When the practitioner controls the mind of another person, So he can read her thoughts.
4. Power of becoming invisible (Antardhana Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.21)
➡ When the yogi controls the form of his body (rupatattva), So he can be invisible to others.
5. Power to make the body light or heavy (Laghima and Garima Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.43)
➡ When a yogi controls the qualities of his body, So he can make his body light (flyable in the air) or heavy (stable and immovable).
6. Water, fire, power of not being affected by wind etc.
(yoga sutra 3.40)
➡ When a yogi controls his life force, so it doesn't sink in water, fire can't burn it, And it remains steadfast due to the speed of the wind.
7. Control over hunger and thirst (Kaya Sampatti: Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.30)
➡ When the seeker controls his Udan Vayu, So he can be free from hunger and thirst.
8. Power to hear any sound (Divyashravan Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.41)
➡ When the seeker controls the sky element, So he can hear the sound occurring anywhere.
9. Power to go to any place (Vicharatva Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.42)
➡ When the yogi controls the air element, So he can go to any place in a moment.
10. Power to assume body as desired (Kamarupa Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.45)
➡ When the seeker controls the nature of his body, So he can take any form.
11. Power to know the secrets of the world (knowledge of natural elements)
(yoga sutra 3.47-48)
➡ When the Yogi touches the Panchamahabhutas (Earth, Water, fire, Air, restrains the sky), So he gets knowledge of all the secrets of nature.
12. Attainment of Brahmagyan (Kaivalya Siddhi)
(yoga sutra 3.50-51)
➡ When the seeker meditates on the difference between Sattva and Purusha, So he attains self-knowledge (Brahmgyan) and attains salvation.
Importance of restraint and accomplishments
Patanjali Muni has made it clear that these attainments are not the ultimate goal of yoga practice.
➡ yoga sutra 3.37 stated in:
"They are the prefixes in samadhi and the perfections in vyutthana.
In other words, Siddhis can also become a hindrance in meditation for the seeker. If the seeker gets entangled in these, So he can get away from salvation.
Therefore, The supreme goal of restraint is self-realization and attainment of salvation, Not just a display of miraculous powers.
· By practicing restraint, a yogi gains supernatural powers.
· The purpose of these accomplishments is to lead to enlightenment and salvation., Not to misuse them.
· In Patanjali Yogadarshan, it is considered a means to reach the complete freedom of the soul (Kaivalya).
Would you like to know about a particular accomplishment in more detail? 😊
Kaivalya (Kaivalya) – final state of salvation
in yoga philosophy Kaivalya Is considered the ultimate goal. Patanjali Yoga Sutra Kaivalyapada (fourth chapter) in it complete freedom of soul As described.
1. meaning of kaivalya
In Sanskrit:
· ""Kaivalya" Word "Only" made of, Which means – loneliness, accuracy, Unique situation.
· it simply means "carte blanche", In which the soul (purusha) becomes free from prakriti (nature) and becomes established in its pure form.
Definition in Patanjali Yoga Sutra (Yoga Sutra 4.34)
"The reproduction of the modes devoid of the purpose of man is called Kaivalya or the establishment of one's own form or the power of consciousness.
🔹 Meaning: When the qualities of nature (sattva, Raj, Tama) ceases to perform its function and the soul becomes established in its pure form., Then it is called *Kaivalya (salvation).
2. state of kaivalya
Yogi who attains Kaivalya:
✅ One becomes free from the cycle of birth and death (world).
✅ happiness-sorrow, Goes beyond attachment and illusion.
✅ Remains situated only in self-realization.
✅ qualities of nature (sattva), Raj, Tama) does not affect him.
✅ Is situated in complete bliss (ecstasy).
Difference between Kaivalya and Moksha
in some philosophical schools salvation And Kaivalya are considered equal, But according to yoga philosophy:
3. path to attain kaivalya
According to Patanjali Ashtanga Yoga This is the path to attain Kaivalya:
1. Yam – Ethical conduct (non-violence, Truth, Asteya, celibacy, Aparigraha)
2. Rule – Self-discipline (defecation, Satisfaction, tenacity, self study, God Pranidhi)
3. Posture – stability of body and mind
4. Pranayama – control of life energy
5. withdrawal – withdrawal of senses from external objects
6. perception – to concentrate the mind for meditation
7. Attention – constant attention to one subject
8. mausoleum – state of full attention
➡ when the seeker Nirvigyan Samadhi Reaches till there, then him Kaivalya is received.
4. Signs of attaining Kaivalya
Patanjali Yogasutra (4.30-32) It is told that when the Yogi attains Kaivalya, Then:
✅ He has no karmic bondages.
✅ The effect of the qualities of nature ends.
✅ The mind becomes completely calm.
✅ The soul does not go through any cycle of birth and death.
5. Is it possible to attain Kaivalya??
Yes, But this requires extremely rigorous meditation and renunciation.
Examples of Yogis who have attained Kaivalya:
· Maharishi Patanjali
· Maharishi Vashishtha
· Maharishi Kapil
· Lord Mahavir
· Lord Buddha
· Kaivalya means complete freedom of soul।
· it freedom from nature (maya) Is the state of.
· to get it Ashtanga Yoga and Samadhi Practice is necessary.
· After attaining Kaivalya the soul becomes free from the cycle of birth and death.
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